Habitat Management and Ecosystem Monitoring Section
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was conducted in 2002 to determine the concentration of metals and other elements in garden soils and vegetable crops grown in the city of Flin Flon, Manitoba, and provide an assessment of the health risk associated with consuming the vegetables. The same cultivars of lettuce, beans, carrots, potatoes, and tomatoes were planted in nine gardens in Flin Flon, one garden in Cranberry Portage, and one garden in The Pas. Replicate soil and vegetable samples were collected from each garden during August and September and analyzed for total concentrations of selected metals and other elements. Soil concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were highly correlated with each other and were significantly elevated at most gardens in Flin Flon relative to the garden in The Pas. In some cases the concentrations of these elements in the Flin Flon gardens exceeded established soil quality guideline levels, while concentrations in the soil from the gardens in Cranberry Portage and The Pas did not exceed the guidelines. Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn are known constituents in past and present atmospheric emissions from the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting (HBM&S) smelter in Flin Flon. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, and Zn in vegetables varied between sites and between vegetable species. In the majority of cases, vegetables grown in Flin Flon had higher concentrations of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.048 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".