TITLE: Antivirals for Influenza: A Review of the Clinical Benefit and Harm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is widely recognized as a cause of significant morbidity. 1 The majority of infected individuals exhibit self-limited, uncomplicated symptoms. 1 However, severe disease, complications, and death may occur particularly in individuals over the age of 65, in younger children, and in individuals with comorbidities (including respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, immunodeficiency, or diabetes). 1 In 2009, pandemic H1N1 influenza was associated with significant morbidity and mortality particularly in children, young adults, the obese, and pregnant women. 2 Antiviral drugs currently indicated in Canada for the prophylaxis or treatment of influenza are amantadine, a M2 ion channel blocker, and the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu®, Roche) and zanamavir (Relenza®, GlaxoSmithKline). 3-5 Peravimir, an investigational neuraminidase inhibitor, has not yet been approved by Health Canada but has received a Emergency Use Authorization in the United States for use in select seriously ill hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected pandemic H1N1 influenza. 6 This report reviews evidence for the clinical benefits and harms of amantadine, oseltamivir, and zanamivir for the treatment or prevention of seasonal influenza. Guidelines for the use of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".