Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The Yukon ground-beetle fauna is analyzed in terms of species composition, geographical distribution, Wisconsinan and early Holocene fossils, habitat associations, and patterns of hindwing development. This analysis provides the basis for an interpretation about the development of the extant ground-beetle fauna of the Yukon Territory. In total, 209 species or subspecies of ground beetles are recorded from the Yukon Territory, of which at least 98, representing 46 % of the extant ground-beetle fauna, are hypothesized to have been present in northwestern refugia during the Wisconsinan glaciation. This figure was derived from a combination of distributional and fossil evidence. The range of habitat associations exhibited by this autochthonous component suggests that the Beringian environment may have been more complex than suggested by the “mammoth steppe ” or “polar desert ” models. Our data are most consistent with the “mosaic model”, in which a variety of habitats are hypothesized to have persisted within Beringia. The fauna associated with tundra, riparian zones, and marshes provides evidence that such habitats probably existed in Beringia during late Wisconsinan time, whereas the fauna associated with forest, grassy meadow, and other habitats shows only limited evidence of a long history in northwestern North America. This latter group is hypothesized to have been derived primarily from refugia south of Wisconsinan-age ice. The high degree of endemism in present-day tundra environments indicates long-term stability of that habitat. Analysis of the pattern of hindwing development indicates that brachyptery is most prevalent among the Beringian endemic
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".