Behavioral Ecology of Subterranean Termites and Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Subterranean termites are important structural pests in much of North America, and worldwide. Recent studies of eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes [Kollar]) colonies in Ontario, Canada, indicate that these colonies contain greater foraging populations and forage over larger territories than was previously thought to be the case. These results are consistent with those obtained elsewhere with Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Heterotermes aureus (Snyder). Implications for the development of baiting techniques for termite control are discussed, and several laboratory investigations of potential bait toxicants and insecticidal dusts are reviewed. Behavioral chemicals are also potentially useful in termite control, and bioassays with tree extractives indicate that semiochemicals affecting termite orientation offer an explanation for the observed pattern of R. flavipes infestation in street trees in Toronto. The eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes [Kollar]) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) has a broad distribution in North America, extending from the southeastern United States to the Great Lakes (Weesner 1970). At the northern edge of this distribution, R. flavipes was first reported at Point Pelee, Ontario, in 1929, and was apparently introduced to Toronto in infested materials brought by ship from the United
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".