A climate related explanation for the natural control of Pacific salmon abundance in the first marine year
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The belief that most natural losses of Pacific salmon occurred during the freshwater stage of their life cycle profoundly influenced how Pacific salmon were managed and researched in Canada for the past 50 years. It has only been recognized in the last few years that an understanding of the impacts of ocean habitat and climate are essential ingredients in the assemblage of considerations needed to manage salmon. We studied climate and ocean impacts on the productivity of coho salmon in the Strait of Georgia from 1996 to 2001. From September of 1996 to the end of 2001, we completed 27 surveys, 3,203 sets and sampled 123, 519 juvenile Pacific salmon (Table 1). Our study benefited from a managed fishing closure, an almost constant production of hatchery-reared coho that was approximately two times the production of wild smolts, and an abrupt increase in coho prey productivity in the Strait of Georgia in 2000. In the late 1990s, the total Canadian catch of all species of Pacific salmon declined to historic low levels. In the Strait of Georgia, coho marine survival declined from levels of 10–15 % in the early 1980s to below 2 % in the late 1990s. The number of adults produced declined from average abundances of 1.5 million in the 1980s1 to less than 200,000 from 1996 to 19992. The decline in production of coho and other species of salmon in 19992. The decline in production of coho and other species of salmon in the 1990s followed a shift in large-scale climate indicators in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".