DISEASES CAUSED BY PHYTOPLASMAS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phytoplasmas (previously referred to as mycoplasma-like-organisms, MLO) are cellular parasites recognized as causing diseases in many crops. Although phytoplasmas are graft transmissible and cause symptoms similar to those typically associated with infection by a virus, they are actually bacteria-like microorganisms; similar to bacteria, remission of the disease symptoms they cause can be achieved experimentally by injecting the antibiotic tetracycline. PEACH DISEASES CAUSED BY PHYTOPLASMAS Peach rosette, peach yellows, little peach, and red suture are reported in peach orchards of the Southeast. However, except for peach rosette, they occur infrequently. Peach yellows disease was first observed in 1791 in Pennsylvania, rosette in 1891 in Georgia, while little peach and red suture were first seen in 1896 and 1911, respectively, in Michigan. Other diseases of peach associated with infection by phytoplasmas occur in other areas of the United States and the world. Peach yellow leaf roll, caused by the western-X phytoplasma, occurs in California. X-disease occurs in the northern United States and Canada. Although peach rosette, peach yellows, little peach, and red suture are distinct diseases, they are all caused by phytoplasmas that are very closely related to the western-X phytoplasma. In Europe, the stone fruit yellows phytoplasma (a species distinct from western-X) causes disease(s) in Prunus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".