Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our conceptions of the NE sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have evolved through three major paradigms over the past 50 years. Until the late 1960s the conventional view was that the Eastern Canadian Arctic preserved only a simple deglacial sequence from a LIS margin everywhere at the continental shelf edge (Flint Paradigm). Glacial geologic field studies began in earnest in this region in the early 1960s, and within the first decade field evidence documenting undisturbed deposits predating the LGM led a pendulum swing to a consensus view that large coastal stretches of the Eastern Canadian Arctic remained free of actively eroding glacial ice at the LGM, and that the most extensive ice margins occurred early in the last glacial cycle. This Minimalist Paradigm dominated until the late1980s when an expanded data set from shallow marine studies indicated LGM ice at least locally reached the continental shelf. Within the past decade the marine data, coupled with new evidence from lake sediments and cosmogenic exposure dates on moraines and glaciated terrain in the Eastern Canadian Arctic has led to a new paradigm that better reconciles the terrestrial and marine evidence. Collectively, these lines of evidence indicate that all of southern Baffin Island was glaciated at the LGM, but that some coastal uplands north of Cumberland Sound remained above the limit of actively eroding glacial ice, even though outlet glaciers reached the continental shelf in front of most fiords and sounds. The
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".