Experimental and simulation Studies of a Two Seater Light Aircraft
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents the aerodynamic studies carried out on a three-dimensional aircraft model. The test model is a 15% scaled down from a two-seater light aircraft that close to the Malaysian made SME MD3-160 aircraft. The aircraft model is equipped with control surfaces such as flaps, aileron, rudder and elevator and it is designed for pressure measurement testing and direct force measurement using a 6-components balance system. This aircraft model has been tested at two different low speed tunnels, at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia tunnel sized 1.5 x 2.0 meter2 test section, and at Institute Aerodynamic Research, National Research Council of Canada sized 3 x 2 meter2 tunnel. The speed during testing at UTM and IAR/NRC tunnels was up to 70 meter/second, which is corresponds to Reynolds numbers of 1.3 x 10 6.The longitudinal and lateral directional aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft such as coefficients of pressure, forces (lift, drag, side) and moments (roll, pitch and yaw) have been experimentally measured either using direct force measurement or pressure measurement method. The data reduction methods include the strut support interference factor using dummy image and the blockage correction have been applied in this project. The results showed that for the undeployed flap configuration, the stalling angle of this aircraft is 160 at CLMax = 1.05 measured by UTM- LST, compared to CLMax =1.09 at stalling angle 150 by IAR- NRC. Beside the experimental study, simulation also be performed by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT Version 5.3. Experimental works at UTM and IAR – NRC tunnel show that the aerodynamic characteristics of this light aircraft are in a good agreement with each other. Simultaneously, the aerodynamic forces obtained from experimental works and CFD simulations have been compared. The results proved that they are agreeable especially at a low angle of attack.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".