Faculté des sciences sociales | Faculty of Social Sciences Politics of Social Inequality in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Any questions sent by email should receive a response within two business days or during the following class if taken place within the 48 hours following receipt of the email. Note that the professor reserves the right not to answer an email if the level of language used is inadequate. OFFICIAL COURSE DESCRIPTION Among developed democracies, the United States presents a uniquely high degree of social inequality.This course examines the politics of the distribution of resources in the United States. We will look particularly at what people in the U.S. have thought about income inequality at different periods in the nation's history; we will also be concerned with the political consequences of rising levels of inequality. What explains Americans ' tolerance of inequality? What precisely are the sources of inequality in the United States?How is inequality to be measured? Should we be concerned about inequality at all? What has been the policy response to inequality? Which solutions, if any, are being advanced by the Obama administration today? Although this course will focus on the United States, we will give some consideration, by way of comparision, to the experiences of Canada and Western Europe. GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES Besides addressing the material in the course description, students in this course will develop an understanding of how our topic can be approached in different ways by different disciplines in, or related to, the social sciences. Students will therefore achieve a basic understanding of the languages and concepts employed by thesedisciplines, as well as the questions they permit us to ask. We will be ranging quite widely, discussing concepts and reading texts drawn from fields like economics, international relations, history, political theory, philosophy, political science, and sociology. Students will also be expected to master fundamental information about the social and political history of the United States and achieve a working understanding of the political system and policymaking process in that country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".