The US Food and Drug Administra-tion (FDA) and the Drug and Health
Bibliographic record
Abstract
sued warnings regarding ceftriaxone and concomitant use of intravenous products containing calcium, including total par-enteral nutrition (TPN), in patients of all ages in 2007 and 2008, respectively.1,2 These warnings were based originally on 9 cases of neonatal or infant death (7 pts.) and/or sudden cardiorespiratory de-compensation (2 pts.).3 In some cases, ceftriaxone-calcium crystalline material was found in the vascular beds of lungs and other tissues at autopsy.3 Solutions may have mixed ex vivo in some cases, whereas in others, contact between calci-um and ceftriaxone occurred only in vivo.3 Although these warnings have since been modified by the FDA and Health Canada to be less restrictive, avoidance is still advised in the neonatal population and only sequential adminis-tration is advised in other age groups.4,5 There is a lack of systematic in vivo data to guide clinicians with respect to this risk, in particular, in adults. This situa-tion can cause a considerable dilemma for clinicians faced with a patient who requires intravenous calcium and ceftri-axone is the most suitable antibiotic. The calcium salt of ceftriaxone is known to have low solubility6 and the formation of a 1:1 calcium:ceftriaxone salt in the gallbladder and kidneys can produce previously recognized adverse effects.6-9 The risk factors and inci-dence of other serious reactions due to ceftriaxone-calcium salt precipitation elsewhere in the body have not been sys-tematically studied. Determining whether there is a clini-cally important risk in adults receiving intravenous calci-um and ceftriaxone is important to prevent any possible adverse effect or to avoid unnecessary limitation of use of ceftriaxone if a significant adverse effect does not exist.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".