TITLE: Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Cost- Effectiveness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction is the most commonly encountered form of sexual dysfunction in men and can cause significant distress, impaired quality of life, and have a negative effect on overall selfesteem and intimate relationships. 1 Risk factors for erectile dysfunction include older age, cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes, pelvic irradiation or surgery (e.g., radical prostatectomy), hypertension, medications (e.g., antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and psychiatric conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression). 1 There are three oral medications currently on the market in Canada belonging to the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor class: sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil. 2-4 These medications are all approved for use in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. 2-4 Sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are approved for use to be taken orally on an as needed basis a short period of time prior to intercourse (30 to 60 minutes; referred to as on demand dosing). 2-4 Tadalafil is also approved for once daily administration on a regular basis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but at a lower dose (10mg to 20mg for on demand dosing compared to 2.5mg to 5mg for the daily dosing). 4 In addition to its approved indication of the treatment of erectile dysfunction, PDE-5 inhibitors are also used intermittently to treat antidepressant
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".