Spread of Virulent Group A Streptococcus Type emm59 from
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Full-genome sequencing showed that a recently emerged and hypervirulent clone of group A Streptococ-cus type emm59\tactive\tin\tCanada\tand\tparts\tof\tthe\tUnited States has now caused severe invasive infections in ru-ral northeastern Wyoming. Phylogenetic analysis of ge-nome data indicated that the strain was likely introduced from Montana. Strains of group A Streptococcus (GAS) type emm59 historically have not been commonly associated with invasive infections. However, a striking increase in the fre-quency and severity of invasive infections caused by type emm59 strains recently occurred in Canada (1). Four of the authors (M.L.M., P.L.F., R.N., and M.M.) cared for 4 patients whose cases were temporally clus-tered and who had severe invasive infections caused by GAS in northeastern Wyoming, USA. Of the 4 case-patients, 2 were directly linked. Case-patient 4 contracted invasive infection from a close-contact family member (case-patient 2). Case-patient 3 was a physician who had cared for case-patients 1 and 2. These infections occurred in an area close to where a cluster of 6 invasive emm59 infections occurred in Montana in 2010 (2). This fact led us to determine whether genetically related emm59 strains were responsible. Full-genome sequencing confirmed this hypothesis (Figure).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".