Prepared for: The Invasive Plant Council of BC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to the most recent Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), invasive alien species are one of the five “most important direct drivers of biodiversity loss and change in ecosystem services ” around the globe. Little has been done in British Columbia (BC) to put a dollar value to these impacts within the province; the results of this project help to fill that information gap, and identify the costs and tradeoffs of different invasive plant management strategies. The analysis involved two phases: (1) understanding the impact of invasive plants in the absence of any management action and (2) a cost benefit analysis of alternative invasive plant management strategies. In Phase 1 of the work, spatial extent and economic damages were assessed over time for seven invasive species present in BC. These species are: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa), hawkweed (Hieracium sp.), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), scotch broom (Cystius scoparious), Eurasian watermilfoil (Miriophyllum spicatum) and dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica). Without intervention, the economic damage caused by each one of the selected invasive species was estimated to range from $1 to 20 million dollars in 2008, increasing to between $5 and 60 million by 2020 (based on 2006 Canadian dollars). The total expected damages, in the absence of any management, were estimated to be a minimum of $65 million in 2008, rising to $139 million by 2020. These values are
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".