GPS Augmentation with Pseudolites for Navigation in Constricted Waterways, Proceedings of The Institute of Navigation 1997 National Technical Meeting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the use of portable ground-based transmitters, or pseudolites (PLs) (pseudo-satellites), to augment the existing space-borne GPS satellite constellation, with emphasis on the marine environment. A simulation analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of increasing mask angle on GPS availability, accuracy, and reliability measures. Up to three PLs at various locations are then introduced in the simulation to illustrate the improvements in performance. Finally, results from a field test conducted with one PL on Lake Okanagan in British Columbia, Canada, are presented. As expected, the use of a shore-based PL increased the number of observations and improved the availability of GPS. With appropriate estimation of the multipath component between the PL and the reference receiver, it was found that the accuracy of the DGPS position solution for the PL-augmented configuration was consistently better than that of the unaugmented GPS constellation. The use of a PL also improved the fault detection capability. An intentionally induced error on the remote receiver’s pseudorange measurement to a satellite was detected after the error reached 7.75 m for the unaugmented GPS constellation and 4.75 m for the PL-augmented constellation. The resulting horizontal errors were 9.4 m and 3.7 m, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".