Characteristics of NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli isolates that belong to the successful and virulent clone ST131,”Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolate of sequence type 131 (ST131) that belonged to phylogenetic group B2 was obtained from a patient with a urinary tract infection who returned to the United States after a recent hospitalization while visiting India. NDM-1-producing E. coli ST131 had significantly more virulence factors than NDM-1-producing E. coli ST101, previously isolated from a patient in Canada. The presence of NDM -lactamases in a very successful and virulent E. coli sequence type is of concern. The development of resistance to the carbapenems in the Enterobacteriaceae is a major issue, since these agents are often the last line of effective therapy available for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria (13). There are 3 types of -lactamases that inactivate the carbapenems (also called car-bapenemases): the KPC types, the metallo--lactamases (MBLs), and the oxacillinases (13). The 2 most common types of MBL found in Enterobacteriaceae are the VIM and IMP types (7). Recently, a new type of MBL, named NDM-1, has been described in bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) recovered from a Swedish patient who was hospitalized in New Delhi, India (24). Kumarasamy and colleagues (11) pro-vided evidence that NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae (mostly K. pneumoniae and E. coli) are widespread in India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. NDM-producing Entero-bacteriaceae have also recently been isolated from patients residing in the United States (1), the Netherlands (12), Aus-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".