Characteristics of NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli isolates that belong to the successful and virulent clone ST131,”Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolate of sequence type 131 (ST131) that belonged to phylogenetic group B2 was obtained from a patient with a urinary tract infection who returned to the United States after a recent hospitalization while visiting India. NDM-1-producing E. coli ST131 had significantly more virulence factors than NDM-1-producing E. coli ST101, previously isolated from a patient in Canada. The presence of NDM -lactamases in a very successful and virulent E. coli sequence type is of concern. The development of resistance to the carbapenems in the Enterobacteriaceae is a major issue, since these agents are often the last line of effective therapy available for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria (13). There are 3 types of -lactamases that inactivate the carbapenems (also called car-bapenemases): the KPC types, the metallo--lactamases (MBLs), and the oxacillinases (13). The 2 most common types of MBL found in Enterobacteriaceae are the VIM and IMP types (7). Recently, a new type of MBL, named NDM-1, has been described in bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) recovered from a Swedish patient who was hospitalized in New Delhi, India (24). Kumarasamy and colleagues (11) pro-vided evidence that NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae (mostly K. pneumoniae and E. coli) are widespread in India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. NDM-producing Entero-bacteriaceae have also recently been isolated from patients residing in the United States (1), the Netherlands (12), Aus-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".