Chronology of Neolithic-Bronze Age Sites of the Southeastern Shore of the Gulf of Finland According to Radiocarbon Dating Results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The work is devoted to the publication of a new radiocarbon chronology of the Neolithic-Bronze Age period of the region in the southeast of the Gulf of Finland. The material for the study was obtained during the authors’ excavations in recent years. Eight different archaeological cultures (ceramic traditions) have been identified in the region, and new dates have been obtained for each of them — a total of 21 dates, of which 20 have been obtained using the AMS method. The Neolithic period includes three different traditions of the Comb Ware cultures — Rhomb-pit Ware, Typical Comb Ware, and Comb Ware with combined admixture, the chronological boundaries of which are limited to the 4 th millennium BC. Then, after a chronological gap in the second quarter of the 3 rd millennium BC, the Corded Ware culture appears. Partially synchronous with it are dated sites with Textile ceramics with an admixture of organics (the last third of the 3 rd millennium — the second quarter of the 2nd millennium BC). Then, after a significant break, the tradition of Textile ceramics of the Bronze Age continues in the form of a local group of Textile ceramics of the Galik type, which is dated to the end of the 2nd — beginning of the 1st millennium BC. The Volkhov type sites belong to the end of the Bronze Age. As a result, a model of chronological development of different archaeological cultures has been created for the sites from the southeastern coast of the Gulf of Finland for the period of cca. 4000—0 BC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".