Introduction: Reconsidering Social Policy Reform in Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract From decolonisation and nation-building after independence to structural adjustments to the implementation of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals and, more recently, of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, social policy reform in sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed gradual changes but also more sudden and dramatic episodes caused by global crisis, including the recent worldwide pandemic. This Introduction to The State and the Imperative for Social Policy Reform in Africa explains how the volume explores social policy changes that have been made before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes that need to be made towards protecting individuals, families, and communities against exposure to insecurity, poverty, and other vulnerabilities throughout the lifecycle. The Introduction is divided into three main sections. The first section offers a brief overview of social policy development in sub-Saharan Africa since the colonial era. The second section provides a short discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath on the African continent. Finally, the last section offers an overview of the chapters that comprise the volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".