Lake primary producer community responses to anthropogenic use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity around a lake is usually accompanied by eutrophication of its waters. While the relation between eutrophication and dissolved nutrients is established, direct relationships between anthropogenic activity and biotic variables related to lake eutrophication are less well studied, especially in early stages. We evaluated the effect of what is still a relatively light human presence on primary producer communities in lac Lusignan, a north temperate lake (Quebec, Canada). Human recreational activities around the lake have increased in recent years, primarily towards the lake outflow. To account for varying degrees of human activity and vegetation type along the lake's shoreline, we classified sites into four types: human housing (Inhabited) and forest (East-forest) on the eastern bank and peat bogs (Bog) or forests (West-forest) along the western bank. We measured dissolved nutrients (nitrates and phosphorus) in the water column, as well as four primary producer responses: cyanobacterial density, littoral periphyton thickness, and macrophyte biomass and diversity. We expected that more intensively used areas of the lake (Inhabited East bank sites) would have thicker periphyton, higher macrophyte biomass and diversity, and greater cyanobacteria density; all characteristics related to eutrophication and anthropogenic influence. Nitrate was higher along the western shore sites and phosphorus concentrations tended to be higher in Bog and Inhabited areas. Periphyton was thickest in Inhabited sites, while macrophyte biomass and diversity were reduced. Cyanobacterial communities were particularly dominated by the potentially toxic and nuisance genus Dolichospermum in Inhabited sites. Our study demonstrates symptoms of eutrophication in this historically unperturbed lake and indicates that attention should be paid to regulating the densification and spread of human activity to preserve water quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".