Effect of Cucumis Callosus Fruit Extract on the Kidney Function of DMBA-Induced Mammary Cancer in Female Albino Wistar Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently one of the most prevalently diagnosed cancers and the 5th cause of cancer-related deaths with an estimated number of 2.3 million new cases worldwide according to the GLOBOCAN 2020 data.Treatment and management therapies for cancer are expensive and hardly affordable by patients in developing and underdeveloped countries.This study aimed at investigating the effect of Cucumis callosus fruit extract on the kidney function of DMBA-induced mammary cancer in female albino Wistar rats.The study utilized the extract of mature, fresh, healthy pulp of Cucumis Callosus fruits.Thirty-six (36) healthy Adult female Wistar Albino rats weighing about 150 to 200g were organized into 5 groups: The groups in which the rats were categorized into are as follows: Group 1:Standard diet + water only; Group 2: Induced intravenously with 0.01% DMBA without treatment; Group 3: Induced with 0.01% DMBA + treatment with standard drug; Group 4: Induced with 0.01% DMBA + 100mg/b.wtCucumis callosus fruit extract; Group 5: Induced with 0.01% DMBA + 200mg/b.wtCucumis callosus fruit extract.Rats administered a single dose of DMBA orally per body weight.The serum samples of the rats were analyzed for various kidney function parameters including creatinine, bicarbonate, urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride using a UV/ visible spectrophotometer.The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The significance between means was determined at a p-value of less than 0.05 (p<0.05).The results for each treatment were presented as mean ± standard deviation.The result of serum creatinine concentrations obtained in this study showed a significant (P<0.05)reduction in Group 5 rats (21.1 mmol/L) upon administering 200mg/b.wtCucumis callosus fruit extract to the rats induced with 0.01% DMBA compared to the group of experimental rats induced with cancer without treatment.Serum urea concentration was highest in Group 2 (36.35 mmol/L) which represents the set of rats induced 0.01% DMBA without treatment.However, serum urea concentration was significantly (p<0.05)reduced in Group 5 rats (16.89 mmol/L) upon administering 200mg/b.wtCucumis callosus fruit extract to the rats induced with 0.01% DMBA compared to all other groups besides the control group.In this study, administration of Cucumis callosus fruit extract significantly lowered serum sodium concentration across the groups (P<0.05)compared to Group 2 experimental rats which had high concentration of sodium possibly caused by cancer induction.Findings from this study revealed that Cucumis callosus fruit extract therapy did not provide statistically significant improvements in serum chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate levels.However, Cucumis callosus fruit extract therapy was found effective in ameliorating the poor renal function of the cancer-induced female Wistar rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".