Fragmented access: household water security and safety in the Dominican Republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reliable access to safe, sufficient, affordable, and acceptable water is recognised as a fundamental requisite for an adequate standard of living and the realization of human rights. However, around a quarter (26%) of the population worldwide are reported to lack safely managed drinking water services, which may even be an underestimate of the prevalence of water insecurity. Households worldwide are forced to rely on their own financial resources, physical labour, and social networks to bridge the gap between state infrastructural capacity and their water needs. Some maintain a certain level of water security due to the emotional, physical and financial resources they invest themselves, rather than adequate water service provision. Others continually experience water insecurity despite their efforts. There are costs to relying on these type of strategies, including increased financial costs, emotional effort and distress, and additional labour and time, which are often unacknowledged in monitoring, planning, and operation of water services. The goal of this thesis is to capture the full complexity of households' lived experience of water access. Using an exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods case-study approach, in three communities in San Gregorio de Nigua, Dominican Republic, it studies the problems, perceptions, and practices of households experiencing water insecurity. The thesis is presented in the form of four journal papers, each of which use a different conceptual lens to analyse household experiences of water insecurity in the case-study communities. It demonstrates that overlooking the coping strategies households adopt to manage their water supply, and the circumstances that necessitate these actions, makes inadequate water services appear adequate. This allows states and institutions to abdicate their responsibility to provide equitable access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water, and transfers the burden of water access onto households themselves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".