Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carassius langsdorfii Common name. Ginbuna. Diagnosis. Distinguished from C. carassius in West Asia by: ● flank silvery / ● last simple anal and dorsal rays strongly serrated / ● 38–52 gill rakers / ○ 26–33 total lateral-line scales / ● free edge of dorsal concave or straight / ● usually 5½ branched anal rays / ● peritoneum black. Size up to 350 mm SL. Distribution. Native to Japan. Mitochondria of this species are reported from Lar National Park (Iran) but are considered widespread in West Asia. Already found in Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, Ukraine, Italy and Bosnia-Herzegovina (Europe), from Lake Tahoe (USA), and British Columbia (Canada). Habitat. Identical to C. auratus. Biology. In its native range,it occurs as a diploid with normal sexual reproduction, as a triploid with gynogenetic reproduction, and rarely as a tetraploid. Only triploids have been recorded in Europe. Species may shift ploidy levels, diploids and tetraploids are expected to occur. Triploid Ginbuna has their evolutionary origin in hybridisation of diploid C. langsdorfii, C. gibelio, and C. auratus, as these maternal lineages have been detected in Japanese triploid C. langsdorfii. Conservation status. Non-native. Remarks. Likely introduced as a weed with ornamental koi from Japan but expected to spread as a weed in carp farms from where it escapes into the wild. Further reading. Murakami et al. 2001 (polyploidy systems in Japan); Kalous et al. 2013; Rylková et al. 2013 (Europe); Halas et al. 2018 (North America); Khosravi et al. 2020 (Iran).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".