Communication and social anxiety in autism (Norozi et al., 2026)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b>Purpose: </b>This systematic review examined the association between communication skills and social anxiety in autistic youth ≤ 18 years old.<b>Method: </b>A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and ProQuest) and gray literature to identify quantitative studies that investigated the relationship between communication skills and social anxiety in autistic youth. This systematic review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; Registration No. CRD42023415376).<b>Results: </b>Six studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 682 autistic participants. Findings suggest a moderate relationship between social anxiety and communication skills, but this association varied depending on the measure used, the cognitive abilities of participants, and the specific communication domains examined.<b>Conclusions: </b>The association between communication skills and social anxiety in autistic youth is complicated and impacted by multiple factors, including measurement heterogeneity, cognitive abilities, and developmental stage. Future research should include larger sample sizes and adopt validated measures tailored for autistic individuals to enhance the consistency of findings and improve the understanding of the relationship between communication skills and social anxiety. Longitudinal studies are also needed to explore how relationships evolve across development. Understanding these associations has important implications for targeted interventions to support autistic individuals with co-occurring social anxiety.<b>Supplemental Material S1. </b>PubMed syntax.<b>Supplemental Material S2.</b> Risk of bias assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.Norozi, M., Sarmukadam, K., Paterra, V., Parks, E., & Hogan, A. L. (2026). Associations between communication skills and social anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. <i>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</i><i>, </i><i>69</i>(1), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-25-00219
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.414 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".