Plant and mammal tissue cadmium concentrations in Nova Scotia and possible effects on Moose (Alces alces) populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moose (Alces alces) populations throughout much of Northeast North America have recovered from widespread extirpation, and now appear to be stable or increasing in numbers. On Mainland Nova Scotia however, moose populations are distributed at low densities and have been reduced to scattered isolated pockets of animals. Potentially high cadmium (Cd) levels in moose have raised concern over possible impacts on moose biology and human health. Moose, porcupine, and deer liver and or kidney samples were collected throughout the province in 2001-02. Willow (Salix sp.), a preferred browse species for moose, was also sampled throughout the southern half of the province. Kidney Cd concentrations were approximately 4 times higher than those in liver. The mean value for moose (ug/g) ±SE (range) was 42.1± 34.89 in the kidneys, and 10.7±9.2 in the liver. The cadmium levels measured in willow samples made it possible to establish the distribution of cadmium in the regional environment. Willow, had high cadmium concentrations, up to 7 (g/g) (dry mass) in the winter. This is above the maximum tolerable concentration for herbivores. Results of tissue analyses indicate that if humans consume moose liver and kidney they would exceed WHO standard for intake limits of cadmium per week. Findings also suggest that cadmium and its effects on flora and fauna need to be further explored, and that moose may serve as a preliminary warning of the effects of widespread environmental pollution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".