Non-Metal Catalyzed Heterodehydrocoupling of Phosphines and Hydrosilanes:Mechanistic Studies of B(C6F5)3-Mediated Formation of P-Si Bonds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-metal catalysed heterodehydrocoupling of primary and secondary phosphines (R1R2PH, R2 = H or R1) with hydrosilanes (R1’R2’R3’SiH, R2’, R3’ = H or R1’) to produce synthetically useful silylphosphanes (R1R2P-SiR1’R2’R3’) has been achieved using B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst (10 mol%, 100 oC). Kinetic studies demonstrated that the reaction is first-order in silane and B(C6F5)3 but zero-order in phosphine. Control experiments, DFT calculations as well as DOSY NMR studies suggest that a R1R2HP•B(C6F5)3 adduct is initially formed and which subsequently undergoes partial dissociation to form an “encounter complex” held together via weak secondary interactions. The latter mediates Frustrated Lewis Pair-type Si-H bond activation of the silane substrates. We also found that B(C6F5)3 catalyses the homodehydrocoupling of primary phosphines to form cyclic phosphine rings and the first example of catalytic hydrosilylation of P-P bonds to produce silylphosphanes (R1R2P-SiR1’R2’R3’). Moreover, the introduction of PhCN to the reactions involving secondary phosphines with hydrosilanes allowed the heterodehydrocoupling reaction to proceed efficiently under much milder conditions (1.0 mol% B(C6F5)3 at 25 °C). Mechanistic studies, as well as DFT calculations, revealed that PhCN plays a key mechanistic role in facilitating the dehydrocoupling reactions rather than simply functioning as H2-acceptor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".