Non-Metal Catalyzed Heterodehydrocoupling of Phosphines and Hydrosilanes:Mechanistic Studies of B(C6F5)3-Mediated Formation of P-Si Bonds
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-metal catalysed heterodehydrocoupling of primary and secondary phosphines (R1R2PH, R2 = H or R1) with hydrosilanes (R1’R2’R3’SiH, R2’, R3’ = H or R1’) to produce synthetically useful silylphosphanes (R1R2P-SiR1’R2’R3’) has been achieved using B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst (10 mol%, 100 oC). Kinetic studies demonstrated that the reaction is first-order in silane and B(C6F5)3 but zero-order in phosphine. Control experiments, DFT calculations as well as DOSY NMR studies suggest that a R1R2HP•B(C6F5)3 adduct is initially formed and which subsequently undergoes partial dissociation to form an “encounter complex” held together via weak secondary interactions. The latter mediates Frustrated Lewis Pair-type Si-H bond activation of the silane substrates. We also found that B(C6F5)3 catalyses the homodehydrocoupling of primary phosphines to form cyclic phosphine rings and the first example of catalytic hydrosilylation of P-P bonds to produce silylphosphanes (R1R2P-SiR1’R2’R3’). Moreover, the introduction of PhCN to the reactions involving secondary phosphines with hydrosilanes allowed the heterodehydrocoupling reaction to proceed efficiently under much milder conditions (1.0 mol% B(C6F5)3 at 25 °C). Mechanistic studies, as well as DFT calculations, revealed that PhCN plays a key mechanistic role in facilitating the dehydrocoupling reactions rather than simply functioning as H2-acceptor.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it