Çine kumunun kayma ve hacimsel birim deformasyon davranışı
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The response of sandy soils under monotonic loading depends on size, shape and mineralogy of particles, fabric, stress and density states of mixtures. Researchers around the world have studied their local sands and calibrated their responses (e.g., Toyoura sand-Japan, Ottawa sand-Canada, Sacramento sand-US, Sydney sand-Australia, etc.). However, there are not many studies that have focused on regional sands from Turkey. This research study aims to introduce a local sand, Çine sand, to literature as a "standard sand" from Turkey. For this purpose, shear and volumetric straining responses of Çine sand samples were investigated by a series of consolidated undrained monotonic triaxial and oedometer tests. Specimens with relative densities of 25-47-60-70 and 85 %, were prepared by tapped funnel deposition and wet tamping methods and consolidated under 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa ve 400 kPa cell pressures, followed by undrained shearing. Test results were presented by four-way plots, which enable the individual variations of axial load, cell pressure, pore water pressure, and axial deformation along with the progress of the stress paths relative to failure envelopes. On the basis of test results, linear and nonlinear elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive modelling parameters, including but not limited to stress and relative-density dependent modulus and effective stress based angles of shearing resistance, were estimated.Çine sands’ angles of shearing resistance values of 24.2˚-39.5° were observed. Triaxial modulus values fall in the range of ~10 and ~60 MPa. Similarly, samples with varying relative densities, prepared tapped funnel deposition method, were tested in a conventional oedometer device under stresses starting from ~23 kPa increasing up to ~29 MPa. During tests, unloading and reloading cycles were performed. Based on these test results, particle crushing-induced yield stresses of Çine sands along with their Cc, C values were estimated as ~1.3-3.1 MPa, ~1×10-2-25×10-2, and ~1×10-5–1×10-3, respectively. It was concluded that Çine sand exhibited Type B volumetric compression response as defined by Mesri and Vardhanabhuti (2009).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".