Le tabac : un facteur de risque de survenue de polyarthrite rhumatoïde chez les femmes ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, incurable autoimmune inflammatory disease, affecting about three times more women than men. The disease can cause irreducible joint pain, swelling and deformity, severely impairing quality of life. Smoking, a modifiable environmental factor known for its harmful effects, may also play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To analyze the impact of smoking, whether active or passive, on the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women. Method: The literature search was conducted from October 2, 2024 to February 17, 2025 in several databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Pedro with a complementary exploration of grey literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and all methodological steps were carried out by a single author. Results: Eight studies were selected, of which five were on active smoking and three on passive smoking, with seven prospective and one retrospective cohort study. Assessment of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale revealed moderate to good quality scores. The results suggest a significant association between smoking, in all its forms, and the risk in women of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Discussion : Although the results indicate an association between smoking and the development of rheumatoid arthritis in women, analysis according to the Grade system revealed several methodological biases in the studies. In addition, evaluation according to the Bradford Hill criteria does not establish a causal relationship, only an association. Consequently, these results must be interpreted with caution, and further studies are needed to validate these conclusions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".