Ceguera Asociada a Ozempic: Revisión Sistemática sobre la Relación entre Semaglutida y Neuropatía Óptica Isquémica Anterior no Arterítica NAION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Semaglutide (Ozempic®), a GLP-1 receptor agonist widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, has proven metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates a potential link with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a severe ocular adverse event that may cause irreversible vision loss. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2017–2025), including clinical trials, observational studies, case reports, and pharmacovigilance data. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2.0, Newcastle-Ottawa, and JBI tools. Eighteen studies were identified. Large-scale cohorts reported an increased risk of NAION among semaglutide users, with HR ranging 2.0–3.2, OR 3–5, and RR 4.5. Case reports documented sudden visual loss shortly after drug initiation. FAERS database analyses revealed significant disproportionality in reports, and a recent meta-analysis of 29 studies confirmed a consistent ocular safety signal. However, the absolute incidence remains low (<0.1%), and methodological heterogeneity precluded a pooled meta-analysis. The association between semaglutide and NAION is statistically consistent but not yet definitive due to confounding factors and lack of trials specifically designed for this outcome. Ophthalmologic monitoring is advisable in high-risk patients, and further pharmacovigilance is warranted. Prospective, multicenter studies are necessary to clarify risk magnitude and inform future clinical practice guidelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".