Water Protection Imagery and the Future Imaginary in the #NoDAPL Movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A variety of images were created in solidarity with the #NoDAPL, a movement of nonviolent direct actions instigated in 2016 by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe to stop the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). This thesis argues that the imagery created in solidarity with the #NoDAPL movement helped water protectors and their allies create a “future imaginary,” a concept theorized by the digital media theorist Jason Edward Lewis (Kānaka Maoli, Samoan). Employing the concept of the future imaginary as a theoretical framework, this thesis examines various materials designed by Indigenous artists in 2016 in solidarity with the #NoDAPL movement, including the anti-extraction graphic No Pipelines on Indigenous Land by Dylan Miner (Métis), the banner design Thunderbird Woman by Isaac Murdoch (Ojibwe), the banner design Thunderbird Woman’s Mom (Water is Life) by Christi Belcourt (Métis), and the Mirror Shield Project by Cannupa Hanska Luger (Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara, Lakota). Divided into three sections, this thesis defines the future imaginary and draws its connection to the organizing that took place at Standing Rock, analyzes some of the iconography shared throughout the imagery created in solidarity with the #NoDAPL movement—focusing specifically on prophecies and the figures of Zuzeca Sape, or the Black Snake, and the Thunderbird—and considers the modes of production and the means of dissemination employed by artists both within and outside the Standing Rock camps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".