Unveiling In Situ Reconstruction for Dynamically Enhanced Hydrogen Spillover Effect in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The widespread application of water electrolysis is hindered by the inefficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics at industrial‐scale current density. Hydrogen spillover offers a promising strategy to circumvent thermodynamic limitations of volcano diagrams, while its implementation on binary‐component systems remains complex nanomaterial engineering to overcome sluggish interfacial proton migration. Here, an in situ electrochemical reconstruction strategy is reported to optimize hydrogen spillover pathways, which is verified on classic tungsten oxide‐based catalysts (Ru/WOx) with hydrogen spillover effect. Operando characterization and control experiments confirm dynamic oxidation of Ru species during HER operation, which is accompanied with facilitated proton transformation and insertion in WOx lattice. The theoretical calculations reveal that the in situ reconstruction of catalyst dilutes interfacial electron density and lowers thermodynamic barriers for hydrogen migration, thus leading to thermo‐neutral RuO x /WO 2 interfacial sites. The reconstructed catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 317 mV at 1000 mA cm −2 in alkaline media, with exceptional stability over 500 h. This work elucidates the interplay between in situ reconstruction and proton transfer dynamics, providing new insights for the design of electrocatalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".