Mid-term Functional Outcomes of Open Congruent Arc Latarjet for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss is associated with high failure after isolated soft-tissue repair. The open Latarjet procedure with congruent arc modification improves graft coverage and glenoid arc restoration, but mid-term clinical data are limited. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients who underwent open Latarjet with congruent arc modification between January 2015 and December 2020. Eligibility criteria were ≥3 anterior dislocations, ≥15% glenoid bone loss, and ≥24 months of follow-up. Functional outcomes (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index [WOSI], Rowe), range of motion, complications, and graft union on computed tomography (CT) were assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated recurrence-free survival. Results: A total of 80 patients (62 males, 18 females; mean age 28.5 ± 6.4 years) were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 4.5 ± 1.2 years. WOSI improved from 46.7 ± 12.3 to 79.4 ± 15.8 (P < 0.001), and Rowe from 32.5 ± 9.6 to 85.6 ± 10.7 (P < 0.001), both exceeding minimal clinically important difference thresholds. Forward flexion (+15°) and abduction (+20°) improved significantly, whereas external rotation showed a mild, non-significant reduction (-10°, P = 0.079). Complications occurred in 12.5%, mainly graft non-union (5%). CT confirmed graft union in 95%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 97.5% recurrence-free survival at 5 years. Conclusion: Open Latarjet with congruent arc modification provides clinically meaningful functional improvement, reliable graft union, and durable mid-term stability in recurrent anterior instability with glenoid bone loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".