Effects of Indigestible Dietary Protein on Growth Performance and Health Status of Nursery Pigs and the Mitigatory Role of Dietary Fibre
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High dietary protein and pathogenic exposure in weanling pigs are thought to interfere with protein digestibility and intestinal barrier functions, respectively, thereby increasing indigestible protein (IDP) flow to the hindgut, exacerbating post-weaning diarrhea incidence and hindgut health. Dietary fibre (DF) supplementation may play an important role in modulating the negative effects of both factors; however, this may be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the DF. Therefore, this thesis evaluated the single and interactive effects of IDP [low IDP (LIDP; 2.74%) and high IDP (HIDP; 4.20%)] and DF on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs that were healthy or immune-stimulated [Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)]. A 28-d feeding trial using diets with similar dietary protein content (21%) but different IDP levels reduced overall growth performance, plasma antioxidant status, and increased diarrhea in healthy pigs fed HIDP. The overall effects were particularly associated with antioxidant enzymes and acute-phase protein concentrations. In a subsequent study that explored the supplementation of DF in different combinations of soluble and insoluble DF, an improvement in diarrhea severity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant status, and ammonium nitrogen concentrations in the hindgut of pigs was observed, regardless of the DF combination. In addition, the concentrations of spermidine, serotonin, kynurenine, and choline were improved in pigs fed a DF combination containing 0.66% inulin and 1.92% lignocellulose. To investigate the negative effects of IDP in pigs challenged with ST or ETEC, a disease challenge study was conducted. The negative of IDP was related to pathogen-types, as feeding HIDP resulted in poorer growth performance, increased diarrhea score, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased intestinal colonization and ST translocation to the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) in pigs challenged with ST, but had a milder effect in ETEC-pigs. In the fourth study, the mitigatory role of DF supplementation (0.66% inulin and 1.92% lignocellulose) was evaluated in ST-challenged pigs fed HIDP. Supplementation of DF resulted in improved pre-inoculation growth performance of pigs, regardless of IDP level. Following ST inoculation, HIDP negatively affected growth performance, diarrhea score, ST quantification in cecal digesta, and translocation to MLN of pigs; however, the DF supplementation improved superoxide dismutase, regardless of the IDP levels, while reducing myeloperoxidase activity in colonic digesta and plasma alkaline phosphatase in HIDP-fed pigs compared to LIDP. In summary, formulating diets to reduce IDP is a worthwhile dietary strategy to improve growth and intestinal health in pigs, particularly when challenged with ST, with some beneficial effects of DF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".