Resilience Factors and Their Association with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: An Intergenerational Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adi Drapisz,1 Ron Walfisch,1 Tal Shilton,1 Nimrod Hertz-Palmor,2 Idit Dekel,1 Mariela Mosheva,1 Doron Gothelf,1 Ran Barzilay3– 5 1The Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, the Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba, Ramat Gan, Israel; 2MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 3Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 5Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USACorrespondence: Ran Barzilay, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Tel +1(484)6957937, Email Barzilayr@chop.eduBackground: Characterizing variability in youth mental health trajectories from risk to resilience is crucial for elucidating the heterogeneity present within clinical populations. Limited knowledge exists regarding the intergenerational associations of resilience factors. The present study aimed to examine the associations between resilience factors and psychopathology in youth referred for outpatient psychiatric evaluation and their parents.Methods: Dyads of children and their parents (N=99; 99 children and 99 parents) treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic completed assessments for resilience factors and internalizing psychopathology. Internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7); resilience factors were measured using the Risk and Resilience (R&R) battery, focusing on self-reliance and emotion regulation.Results: Youth’s emotion regulation and self-reliance demonstrated inverse associations with their anxiety and depressive composite score, derived by averaging standardized PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores to represent internalizing symptoms (β=− 0.5, p < 0.0001; β=− 0.27, p = 0.001 respectively). Parental emotion regulation was inversely associated with parental anxiety and depressive symptoms (β=− 0.70, p < 0.0001), but parental self-reliance was not (β=0.04, p=0.67). No intergenerational correlation was identified between parent-child anxiety and depressive symptoms (P-values> 0.38) nor between resilience factors (P-values> 0.47). Lastly, multivariate analyses revealed no association for parental anxiety and depressive symptoms or resilience factors with child symptoms.Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the relationship between the resilience factors of emotional regulation and self-reliance and anxiety-depression symptoms in youth. However, no intergenerational associations were observed between of resilience factors and internalizing psychopathology in both parents and youth.Keywords: transgenerational resilience, self-reliance, emotion-regulation, depression, anxiety
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".