Fostering an entrepreneurial mindset among university students: Evidence from the University-based entrepreneurial ecosystem in Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates how personal traits (PT), family background (FB), and the university ecosystem (UE) shape the entrepreneurial mindset (EM) and, in turn, entrepreneurial intention (EI) among university students in Vietnam. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study integrates individual, familial, institutional, attitudinal, normative, and control factors into a unified framework. By conceptualizing EI as a behavioral decision under uncertainty, the study positions EM as a cognitive mechanism that mediates how students form and enact entrepreneurial decisions. Using PLS-SEM on survey data from 412 students, the results confirm that PT and UE are the strongest drivers of EM. At the same time, EM, attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) exert significant direct effects on EI. The model explains 49.0% of the variance in EM and 56.0% of the variance in EI, demonstrating robust explanatory power. These findings contribute to the decision sciences by demonstrating how cognitive readiness (EM) and TPB constructs influence entrepreneurial decision-making, thereby offering implications for universities and policymakers to design decision-making environments that foster entrepreneurship among students.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".