IMPLEMENTATION OF A HYBRID SIMULATION TO INVESTIGATE INELASTIC HIGHER-MODE EFFECTS IN RC STRUCTURAL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls are used as seismic force-resisting systems in most modern mid-rise and high-rise buildings. It has been demonstrated that shear force amplification occurs in yielding RC walls during a strong earthquake due to higher vibration mode effects. This is a major concern for preventing shear failure, which can be addressed by incorporating a shear amplification factor into current codes. Several numerical studies have been performed to predict the amplification factor. The complexity of seismic responses of RC walls in plastic hinge zones has led some to doubt predicted shear force amplification when using such analysis. The substructure hybrid test method provides the opportunity to experimentally evaluate the seismic response of an entire RC wall structure under actual earthquake loads without including large masses typically encountered in multistory buildings. Hybrid tests were conducted on 8-story ductile regular RC walls using advanced controlling methods to investigate shear force amplification due to inelastic higher-mode effects. The studied structure was divided into experimental and numerical subassemblies. The experimental test specimen corresponded to the first story of a model RC wall as a key region of interest, while the remaining wall was modeled numerically using nonlinear beam–column elements. The size of the test specimen was scaled down to accommodate the equipment capacity in the structural laboratory. A series of tests based on short-duration earthquake ground motions typical of eastern Canada seismic hazard regions resulted in higher than code-specified shear amplification factors, but no sudden significant decline in lateral stiffness was recorded. Considering the possibility of a large-magnitude, long-duration earthquake generated by the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) in western Canada, two numerical modeling methods were used for an inelastic time history analysis of a 10-story RC wall located in Vancouver subjected to ground motions selected from a subduction ground motion database based on the conditional spectrum (CS) method. It was found that a large-magnitude long-duration earthquake could cause several amplified shear cycles, raising concerns about the risk of brittle shear failure. Consequently, further experimental testing is needed considering these results and uncertainties regarding the shear capacity of an RC wall under a high number of cycles with amplified shear demand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".