Ag <sub>3</sub> Sn Alloy for Nitrogen Electroreduction: False Positives and Theoretical Basis of Inactivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has emerged as a promising route for the production of green ammonia (NH 3 ). In many studies, alloying strategies have been employed to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts in this process. This study assesses the NRR activity of a silver–tin (Ag–Sn) alloy, a mixture of metals, each of which has been previously reported for its high selectivity toward the NRR. Extended control experiments revealed that the detected NH 3 stemmed from contamination rather than catalytic activity. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that, although Ag 3 Sn exhibits a theoretically lower onset potential than pure Ag or Sn, the associated overpotentials remain excessively high. These findings highlight the critical need for stringent, long‐duration control experiments to prevent erroneous attribution of NH 3 formation to nitrogen (N 2 ) reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".