Efficacy of Ozone Therapy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Referred to the Pain Clinic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that causes significant pain, disability, and impaired quality of life. Conventional therapies, including analgesics and physiotherapy, offer minimal alleviation. However, the emergence of ozone therapy, with its possible anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, provides a promising and hopeful alternative. Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 patients with KOA. They received weekly intra-articular ozone injections for 8 sessions for ozone injections, and their pain and functional outcomes were measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Inventory. In this study, SPSS was used, with a significance of p< 0.05. Baseline and post-treatment scores after one month were compared. Results: The study involved 30 participants aged 71.80±8.38 yrs, with a majority of females (93. 3%). The WOMAC pain subscale was used to measure pain severity before and after ozone therapy. Significant improvements post-treatment, decreasing pain scores from 63.77±9.84 to 37.81±14.57 were observed. Conclusion: Physical function and stiffness components also improved. The WOMAC Pain Questionnaire showed a significant reduction in pain intensity, indicating a substantial and reassuring improvement in pain management after ozone therapy. These results provide confidence and assurance regarding the possibility of ozone therapy. According to the existing results, the effectiveness of intra-articular ozone injection was significant. Therefore, ozone can be recommended as an efficient, durable treatment for mild or moderate KOA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.026 | 0.067 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".