TWO-ELEMENT HYBRID SIMULATION OF A SIX-STORY HYBRID DUCTILE-ROCKING BRACED FRAME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hybrid ductile-rocking (HDR) seismic-resistant system has been developed to cost-effectively improve the performance of conventional buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) by reducing drift concentrations and residual drifts. The HDR system is composed of a BRBF designed in accordance with current building codes and a specially designed column base that permits rocking behavior restrained by a lock-up mechanism and cast steel yielding connectors (YCs) that allow for small amount of controlled rocking and act as supplemental energy dissipation devices. In this study, the seismic performance of a six-story HDR braced frame is assessed by pseudodynamic hybrid simulations using the University of Toronto 10-Element Hybrid Simulation Platform (UT10) subjected to two ground motions. Two YCs in the rocking system are tested in the UT10, while the rest of the system is modeled numerically in OpenSees. Details of the hybrid simulations are presented, including the selection of key parameters of the reference HDR structure, the substructuring schemes, and the data communication framework. The hybrid simulations of the HDR system are challenging due to the modeling of the lock-up and contact elements at the rocking base using uniaxial materials with dramatic stiffness changes, which may result in instability issues in the analysis. Preliminary test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the selected substructuring and integration scheme for the hybrid simulations on the HDR system. These two tests are part of a broader project aiming at generating benchmark data for advanced hybrid-simulation-based calibration of the hysteretic models of key elements in the HDR system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".