Effect of partial sheltering on spanwise wake interference of unequal-height tandem circular cylinders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time-resolved particle image velocimetry is used to investigate the effects of partial sheltering on the unsteady wake dynamics of unequal-height tandem cylinders submerged in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL). The height ratio of the cylinders was kept constant at ℎ/▯ = 0.75 based on the aspect ratios of ℎ/▯ = 5.3 for the upstream (UC) and ▯/▯ = 7.0 for the downstream (DC) cylinders, where ℎ and ▯ represent the height of the UC and DC, respectively and ▯ the diameter of the cylinders. The center-to-center spacing between the cylinders was 4▯, Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter (▯) was 5540 and the submergence ratio was ▯/▯ = 1.2, where ▯ is the TBL thickness. Measurements were performed in three streamwise-spanwise planes along the height of the tandem cylinders (TC) and single cylinder (SC) identical to the DC. The results showed that wake interference by the DC enhanced the near wall reverse flow region, while reducing the vortex shedding frequency behind the UC compared to the SC. For the DC, the enhanced flow entrainment from the side accelerated the vortex formation of larger structures in the sheltered region, while delaying the vortex formation at the unsheltered free end. As a result, the reverse flow region was reduced in the sheltered portion but enhanced near the free end of the DC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".