The role of soluble ST2 in atrial fibrillation development and its recurrence after catheter ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) predicts heart failure outcomes. Little attention has been paid to its use in atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated whether sST2 is involved in AF formation and recurrence after catheter ablation. A systematic review and meta-analysis study was completed. Until the end of November 2023, the potential articles from Cochrane, OpenMD, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were collected. The assessment of study quality was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). All relevant data from eligible studies were extracted. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. A total of 14582 participants from 19 studies were involved in this study. The sST2 level was greater in individuals with AF than those with sinus rhythm (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.61; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Elevated sST2 levels were correlated with an increased likelihood of developing AF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.14; <i>p</i> = 0.04). A higher sST2 level was found in individuals with recurrent AF (SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.23; <i>p</i> < 0.01). An elevated level of sST2 was related to a greater recurrent AF risk (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.32; <i>p</i> = 0.01). The circulating biomarker sST2 has an essential role in AF development. Moreover, sT2 is a significant predictor for recurrent AF after a successful catheter ablation procedure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".