Characteristics of Hypothalamic Structural and Functional MRI Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Patients With Sleep Dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sleep dysfunction (SD) is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated with cognitive impairment. The hypothalamus regulates circadian rhythms and exhibits AD pathology; we investigated the abnormal alterations in the structure and function of the hypothalamus in AD patients with sleep dysfunction (ADSD). Twelve ADSD patients, 19 AD patients without sleep dysfunction (ADNSD), and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent neuropsychological assessments, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination, and sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hypothalamic volume and its subregional volumes were derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas resting-state functional MRI was used to assess functional connectivity (FC) with the hypothalamus. We found reduced volumes in the bilateral anterior inferior and left anterior superior hypothalamic subregions in both AD groups compared to HCs. Compared to HCs, the ADNSD group exhibited enhanced hypothalamic FC with the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and reduced FC with right MFG, whereas the ADSD group exhibited enhanced FC with the left MFG and right superior frontal gyrus and reduced FC with right IPL. Furthermore, the ADSD group exhibited reduced FC with the right IPL and enhanced FC with right MFG relative to the ADNSD group. Crucially, within the combined AD cohort, FC with the right IPL was negatively correlated with PSQI, whereas FC with the right MFG was positively correlated. These findings indicate the hypothalamus is a critical target for interventions to improve sleep quality and cognition in AD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".