Revisiting Deere in an Extractivist Era: Agrarian Reform and Feminist Legacies in Coastal Ecuador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article examines how campesinas in coastal Ecuador have navigated shifting labour roles, financial precarity and ecological degradation under Plan Tierras , a state‐led land redistribution policy embedded in an extractivist model of agriculture. While Plan Tierras formally recognized women as land beneficiaries, we argue that it intensified women's burdens across blurred boundaries between productive, reproductive and ecological spaces. Building on feminist political ecology and recent debates on the labours of social reproduction, we conceptualize agrarian extractivism as a process that simultaneously depletes women's bodies, emotions and the ecological foundations of life. Drawing on ethnographic research in Hacienda Las Mercedes, we show how women's everyday practices reveal the convergence of production, reproductive and ecological labour within circuits of extraction that sustain agrarian capitalism. This framework highlights the contradictions of state‐led reforms that rely on women's unpaid and affective work while undermining the material and ecological conditions that sustain it. Yet, women also resist extractivist pressure through grounded, care‐centred practices that sustain livelihoods and reassert campesina identities. By revisiting the foundational work of Carmen Diana Deere, this article offers a critical feminist lens on agrarian reform, calling for a transition from inclusion‐based policies to reproductive and ecological justice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".