Substances psychoactives et pratiques de consommation dans l’ouest de la Guyane : enquête de terrain avec focus sur la lean et la pikachu comme potentiels enjeux de santé publique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to its geographical position, the Western Guiana Community of Municipalities is particularly exposed to the increased circulation of psychoactive substances. This territory marked by geographic isolation, limited access to healthcare, and high medical staff turnover, faces significant health challenges. The objective of this study was to identify the main psychoactive substances and patterns of use in Western French Guiana in 2024, and to document the consumption of codeine-based cocktails, known as “Lean,” as an emerging public health issue in the region. An exploratory qualitative survey was conducted between April and August 2024 in the municipalities of Maripasoula and Saint-Laurent du Maroni. Semi-structured interviews were carried out face-to-face or by phone with professionals working with users of psychoactive substances. Interviews were recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and terminology. A total of 13 interviews were conducted with 17 participants.All of them mentioned the following psychoactives substances: cocaine, crack, alcohol, cannabis, and MDMA. About a quarter of participants (n=4) mentioned a new substance, Pikachu, a type of liquid MDMA. Most respondents noted widespread substance use at all ages groups and communities. Results showed a tendency toward consuming more potent products, experimenting various mixtures, preferring drinkable forms, and normalizing consumption behaviors in various fields (cultural, professional, academic, health).Ten respondents reported presence of Lean in the region, more or less recently, but no cases of codeine-related addiction or intoxication were reported. Emergence of Lean and Pikachu in Western Guiana illustrates the local market's ability to quickly integrate new substances adapted to cultural trends and dominant consumption patterns, particularly among young people. This dynamic, driven by a context of high accessibility, institutional failure, and strong cultural influences, creates an suitable environment to these products diffusion. While exact composition of Lean remains to be clarified, justifying further specific research, Pikachu already shows documented risks related to the extreme variability of its concentrations and its potential use in chemical submission. These results highlight the emergency of strengthening monitoring and early warning systems, to anticipate new substances emergence, adapt the public health response, and target prevention among the most vulnerable populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".