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Record W7116828389 · doi:10.37075/bjiep.2025.2.01

National Economic Security in the 21st Century: Conceptual Outlines and Practical Frameworks

2025· article· W7116828389 on OpenAlexaffabout
Roumen Solov

Bibliographic record

VenueBulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicBanking, Crisis Management, COVID-19 Impact
Canadian institutionsConcordia University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOperationalizationConceptual frameworkNational securityConceptual modelThe Conceptual FrameworkEconomic securityInterdependence

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study is a theoretical investigation of the National Economic Security (NES) phenomenon in the 21st century. It provides a comprehensive, strategic and dynamic conceptual model designed to empower policymakers in any country with the knowledge for understanding, and assessing the state of NES. The proposed Practical Frameworks operationalize the conceptual model, from which it derives, for real-world use, and help practitioners to develop their own country-specific analysis and develop tailored solutions. The method of research is ultidisciplinary. It draws on and combines security studies, theory of international relations, economics, and economic policies, plus the subcategorization methodology. The study leads to the conclusion that the traditional approaches to NES concepts in Canada, U.S. and other leading economies, are predominantly static, protective, partial, lacking a systemic and strategic vision and as such – not as effective as they could be. Based on these findings a new holistic conceptual model for the NES is proposed and practical frameworks are developed. The key topics discussed are the NES concept’s Characteristics, Elements, Aspects, Desired Outcomes, and Components plus the NES Policy. Culmination of this paper’s exploration is the proposal for a new NES concept - Comprehensive and Dynamic NES, as the appropriate conceptual approach to navigate the future of national economic security.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.798
Threshold uncertainty score0.756

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.302
Teacher spread0.280 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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