Association Between Microplastic Exposure and Cognitive Function Decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) are environmental pollutants that have increased alongside the widespread use of plastic. Exposure to MPs through daily consumption can impact health, including cognitive function, via mechanisms of toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MP exposure patterns, MP concentrations in biological fluids (blood, urine, and feces), and their effects on cognitive function. METHOD: The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved an online survey of 562 respondents in the Greater Jakarta area to assess plastic consumption patterns, health complaints, and awareness and attitudes toward MPs. The second phase recruited 67 respondents from the highest (decile 10) and lowest (decile 1) exposure groups for biological sample collection (blood, urine, and feces). Analyses were performed to determine the relationship between MP exposure levels, MP concentrations in biological fluids, and cognitive function, measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). RESULT: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) microplastics were detected in respondents' blood, urine, and feces at varying concentrations. A significant association was observed between MP exposure levels and MP concentrations in biological fluids. Higher MP concentrations were linked to cognitive decline, particularly among respondents with the highest MP levels. Risk perception regarding MPs was higher among respondents with greater awareness and knowledge, while attitudes toward MPs correlated with plastic consumption patterns CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a significant relationship between MP exposure and health impacts, particularly cognitive decline. These findings underscore the urgency of reducing plastic use, raising public awareness, and implementing policies for plastic waste management to mitigate health risks associated with MPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".