A cohort study of growth differentiating factor − 15 (GDF-15) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as biomarkers of healthy aging in older adults living with HIV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The median age of Canadians living with HIV will exceed 65 years in the next decade. Compared to HIV-negative counterparts, people living with HIV exhibit elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers. In the general population, increased levels of some markers are linked to comorbidity, frailty, cognitive decline, and mortality. To date there are no HIV-specific biomarkers to measure and monitor healthy aging or to serve as endpoints in the evaluation of relevant interventions. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory markers as indicators of healthy aging in older people living with HIV. METHODS: We analyzed data from 268 consenting participants enrolled in a sub-study of the Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV) study. Serum samples, demographic information and healthy aging data were collected at cohort entry. Data from one participant with HIV RNA > 200/ml were excluded. Serum levels of the biomarkers CRP (C-reactive protein), D-dimer, GDF-15 (growth differentiating factor-15), and IL-6 (interleukin-6) were quantified using ELISA and compared primarily to scores on the Rotterdam Healthy Aging Score (HAS). Statistical analyses were conducted using Spearman’s correlation and a multivariate regression model which included covariates age, race, sex, years living with HIV, body mass index and CD4 count nadir. RESULTS: Participants had a median age of 72 years (range 65–81), and were predominantly male (92%) and White (79%). They had been living with HIV for a median of 31 years and were representative of the main CHANGE HIV study cohort. The participants had a median HAS of 12 (range 3–14). The median (IQR) for GDF-15 and IL-6 were 1810 (1310–2700) pg/ml and 3.49 (2.43–5.77) pg/ml respectively. GDF-15 and IL-6 levels were negatively associated with the HAS (R = -0.35 and − 0.27), p < 0.001 for both comparisons. The correlation persisted after adjustment for covariates. CRP (median 1.75, IQR 0.711, 4.29) ug/ml and D-Dimer (median 0.362, IQR 0.209–0.846) ug/ml did not show a clear association with HAS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest further evaluation of GDF-15 and IL-6 as potential biomarkers for healthy aging in older adults living with HIV including studies testing the clinical utility of GDF-15 and IL-6 as outcomes in clinical care and in interventional studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial number not applicable.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".