Assessing Cognitive Function and Grip Strength in Chronically Homeless Individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Individuals living in poverty may experience premature cognitive impairment and premature aging, which are associated with biological deterioration, and may lead to early onset of dementia. METHOD: Adults experiencing homelessness (N = 60) for at least 12 months and non-homeless (N = 45) participated in this study. Validated assessment tools along with biomedical analyses were utilized to provide a thorough evaluation of the targeted groups' cognitive health, health literacy, and biological and physical health. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Comprehensive Trail Making Test, and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. Cognitive load was evaluated through pupil diameter captured with the Tobii Pro Nano eye tracking device, while grip strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer, and biological health was assessed through telomere length analysis. RESULT: Individuals from the homeless group scored significantly lower in the HVLT and the C-TMT; similarly, the mean MoCA score was higher in the non-homeless group than in the homeless group (26.4 ± 2.07 and 20.1 ± 2.86, p = 0.000) with evidence of higher increase in cognitive load during a health literacy test in the homeless group. On average, the homeless group spent significantly longer time completing the health literacy assessment and the cognitive tests, suggesting correlations with processing speed, executive functioning and memory. The homeless group's MoCA and Hopkins Verbal Learning test scores were consistent with weaker grip strength (M = 31.3kg ±11.6 kg vs 40kg ±7.8kg), pointing to a correlation between cognitive weakening and frailty. CONCLUSION: This pilot study focuses on the association between psychosocial stress and accelerated aging, particularly in the homeless person. The results suggest that individuals exposed to chronic stressors may experience premature aging and premature cognitive decline, which may impact cognitive function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".