Fluoroless Implantation of Pacemaker and Cardioverter-Defibrillator Using Ultrasound As An Imaging Tool: A Multi-Operator Experience in Radical Use Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation requires fluoroscopy and is associated with procedural complications, including pneumothorax, lead dislodgement, cardiac perforation, lead-associated tricuspid regurgitation, and radiation risk for patients and operators. The efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided CIED implantation need to be determined. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, multioperator, single-centre study enrolled patients requiring a single-chamber CIED. The primary efficacy endpoint was successful single-chamber CIED implantation with < 20 seconds of fluoroscopy time. The efficacy objective is met if the lower boundary of the 1-sided 97.5% confidence interval (CI) for percentage of patients with successful implantation is > 75%. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from procedural complications at 12 months and was met if the lower boundary of the 1-sided 97.5% CI for percentage of patients free from procedural complications was > 85%. RESULTS: A total of 69 patients received CIEDs, with a mean age of 80.4 ± 13.4 years (95% CI = 76.4-83.0). The percentage of patients with successful device implantation in < 20 seconds of fluoroscopy was 87% (lower bound of 1-sided 97.5% CI = 77.5, P = 0.01). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of percentage of patients free from complications was 94.2% (lower bound of 86.8% for the 1-sided 97.5% CI, P < 0.01). One lead dislodgement and 3 cases of lead-related worsening tricuspid regurgitation occurred during 12 months of follow-up. The mean procedural time was 64.3 ± 20.3 (95% CI = 59.4-69.2) minutes. The median fluoroscopic duration was 6 seconds (interquartile range = 2-11). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that ultrasound guidance for implanting single-chamber CIEDs is efficacious and safe. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate these observations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04858698.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".