A Re-Examination of the Solubility of Indium in Hydrothermally Synthesized Galena and Sphalerite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Galena and sphalerite were synthesized in hydrothermal pressure vessels with In114m as a tracer in order to establish In solubility over a range of temperatures of geological interest. Previous experimental results were re-examined in the light of knowledge of the effects of Cu, Ag, and Fe in In-containing galena and sphalerite systems, improved analytical technique, and with recognition of problems with some experimental runs. The solubility of In in galena was determined as 16.85 ppm at 350 °C, 25.3 ppm at 400 °C, 40.12 ppm at 450 °C, and 98.18 ppm at 500 °C. The solubility at 550 °C as ≥ 72 ppm. Solubility of In in sphalerite was determined to be ≥32.68 ppm at 500 °C and 86.60 ppm at 550 °C by radiometric measurements. Luminescence measurements determined solubilities of 22 ppm at 500 °C and 72 ppm at 550 °C. A survey of the In-contents of galena and sphalerite in ore deposits is based on data from LA-ICP-MS analyses. The results for galena are higher than the range of In-contents in natural galena, possibly due to partitioning of indium to coexisting sphalerite and chalcopyrite. The low In-contents in sphalerite determined at relatively high temperatures are in marked disagreement with high In-contents in natural sphalerite. The coupled substitution In + Cu ⇌ 2Zn in sphalerite, and other coupled substitutions, is the likely explanation for this difference.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".