Miniaturised wideband metasurface polarisation converter with high angular stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a single-layer miniaturised wideband transmissive linear-to-circular (LTC) polarisation converter. The unit cell employs symmetrically arranged meandered metallic strips with engineered gaps that govern its resonance behavior. The meandered geometry increases inductance, reduces electrical size, and enhances polarisation conversion efficiency. The metasurface converter achieves wideband LTC conversion for both x- and y-polarised incidences from 5.23 to 12.85 GHz, corresponding to an 84.3% fractional bandwidth, with an axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB. It exhibits high angular stability, sustaining performance up to 85° for the transverse electric mode and 60° for the transverse magnetic mode. Within the AR bandwidth, the insertion loss remains low at 1.6–2.69 dB. The metasurface features an ultra-thin profile of 0.0038 λo with compact lateral dimensions of 0.0904 λo × 0.0904 λo, where λo denotes the wavelength at the center frequency (9.04 GHz) of the AR bandwidth. Both numerical simulations and experimental measurements validate its effectiveness in delivering wideband, wide-angle stable polarisation conversion with high transmission efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".