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UMJETNA INTELIGENCIJA I RIZICI ZA POTROŠAČA: ODGOVORNOST ZA ZAVARAVAJUĆE INFORMIRANJE OD STRANE CHATBOTOVA

2025· article· W7116981250 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Anita Petrović, Almedina Šabić Učanbarlić

Bibliographic record

VenueZbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Tuzli · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEuropean and International Contract Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeorge (robot)Croatian

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Automatizirani softveri odnosno algoritmi umjetne inteligencije koriste se u različitim kontekstima i u različitim fazama odnosa između trgovaca i potrošača, a masovno su uključeni i u internetske transakcije. Praksa pokazuje da se mnogi trgovci na svojim internetskim stranicama služe automatiziranim softverima (tzv. botovima ili chatbotovima) za interakciju s potrošačima, od pružanja informacija i savjeta, preko prijedloga potrošačima, sve do sklapanja ugovora. Različiti načini korištenja automatiziranih softvera imaju različite posljedice i otvaraju mnoštvo pravnih pitanja. Jedno od njih jeste i pitanje tko odgovara za štetu koju potrošač pretrpi pouzdajući se u tačnost informacija koje mu algoritam pruži, a potom usljed njihove netačnosti pretrpi štetu. U slučaju Moffatt v. Air Canada, u kojem je u junu 2024. godine odlučio kanadski sud, potrošač kao kupac koji je putem internetske stranice avioprijevoznika Air Canada kupio avionske karte, o pogodnostima letenja za slučaj smrti bliskog člana obitelji pogrešno je informiran od strane chatbota. Prema informacijama koje je potrošač dobio od chatbota, zahtjev za povrat dijela plaćenih troškova moguće je postaviti retroaktivno, što je informacija koja ne odgovora informaciji koju je avioprijevoznik naveo u općim uvjetima poslovanja, prema kojima je zahtjev za povoljnijom cijenom avionskih karata neophodno postaviti unaprijed. Iako se avioprijevoznik nije smatrao odgovornim za netačno informiranje, postupajući je sud argumentirao u suprotnom smjeru i avioprijevoznika koji je koristio podršku chatbota našao odgovornim i obavezao na naknadu štete. Autorice se, imajući u vidu predmetno činjenično stanje, u radu bave davanjem odgovora na pitanje koja bi regulativa bila relevantna za rješavanje ovog spora u EU pravu i domaćem zakonodavstvu. Ključne riječi: umjetna inteligencija, chatbot, potrošač, zavaravajuća poslovna praksa, građanskopravna odgovornost

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.939
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0040.001
Research integrity0.0010.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.007

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.332
Teacher spread0.316 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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